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The emergency state in Honduras, in effect since December 2022, continues to spark debate due to its prolongation and worries about potential misuse of authority and breaches of human rights. This action was proclaimed by the government of President Xiomara Castro with the declared purpose of tackling criminal activities, especially extortion and the operations of gangs like Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Barrio 18. The enforcement of the emergency state has resulted in the suspension of specific constitutional rights, enabling detentions without a warrant and limiting freedom of movement in different regions of the nation.
Since its implementation, the emergency state has been prolonged several times. In January 2025, the measure was prolonged for an additional 45 days, affecting 226 out of the 298 municipalities nationwide. Despite the officials maintaining that this tool is crucial for addressing crime, various groups have voiced worries over potential misconduct and the absence of tangible outcomes.
Discussion on efficiency and civil liberties during the state of emergency
Organizations such as the Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) have pointed out that the state of emergency puts human rights at risk, urging the Honduran government to guarantee respect for the rule of law and avoid undue restrictions on fundamental freedoms. The government has reported a decrease in the homicide rate and the dismantling of criminal gangs during the state of emergency. However, reports indicate that extortion and violence continue to affect the population. In addition, there have been documented reports of abuses by security forces, including arbitrary detentions and excessive use of force.
The continuation of this policy has ignited a discussion regarding its success and consequences for individual rights. Although the executive arm insists that the emergency status is an essential mechanism to fight crime, both national and international bodies are advocating for an assessment of its use and for assurances that security efforts do not undermine citizens’ basic liberties.
In this way, Honduras’s state of emergency is a debated approach aimed at addressing criminal violence but has ignited discussions regarding its efficiency, legality, and human rights considerations. Prolonging this extraordinary step presents obstacles to upholding essential liberties and establishing a democratic framework that safeguards both citizen security and their rights.